很(hen)多人都在問,火(huo)花(hua)機(ji)不接(jie)觸(chu)物體也能加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)么?是(shi)的(de),因為它是(shi)一(yi)個放電工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju),所以(yi)電極是(shi)與材料(liao)不做任何(he)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)受到放電腐蝕,加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程不具(ju)有宏觀(guan)切削力。當火(huo)花(hua)放電,足(zu)夠的(de)瞬時(shi)爆發力小(xiao)的(de)局部(bu)平均,以(yi)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變形(xing)和(he)位移。可以(yi)“柔軟性”,由于三角(jiao)架擴展直接(jie)利用(yong)(yong)電和(he)熱以(yi)去除金屬材料(liao)的(de)強(qiang)度和(he)硬度的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)材料(liao)具(ju)有很(hen)小(xiao)的(de),因此(ci)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)軟工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)電極硬工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作進行(xing)處理,的(de)“柔軟性”。
火(huo)花機可以(yi)(yi)適(shi)用到(dao)難以(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)金屬材(cai)(cai)(cai)料上,并且是通(tong)過(guo)放電產生的(de)(de)電、熱效應來去除材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)決(jue)定材(cai)(cai)(cai)料是否適(shi)合電火(huo)花加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)與工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)導電性(xing)和(he)熱性(xing)能(neng)相關。這樣(yang)既可以(yi)(yi)打破傳統刀(dao)具的(de)(de)局(ju)限性(xing),又可以(yi)(yi)用軟刀(dao)具加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)堅硬(ying)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件,甚至可以(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)晶金剛石(shi)、立方(fang)氮化硼等超(chao)硬(ying)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料。目(mu)前,大多數(shu)電極材(cai)(cai)(cai)料是銅或石(shi)墨,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)具電極更(geng)容易加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。
火花機加工可以(yi)加工特(te)(te)殊需要的(de)零件(jian),可加工薄壁、彈性小、剛度低、小孔(kong)細(xi)小、形狀特(te)(te)殊的(de)小孔(kong)、深小孔(kong)等具(ju)有特(te)(te)殊要求的(de)零件(jian)。因電極(ji)與(yu)物體是不會(hui)接觸(chu)的(de),并且不會(hui)產(chan)生切削力(li),所(suo)以(yi)只適合微細(xi)加工。
火(huo)花(hua)加(jia)工可以加(jia)工具(ju)有復(fu)雜(za)形(xing)狀的表面,因(yin)為(wei)火(huo)花(hua)機能(neng)夠輕(qing)松的將電極(ji)狀態移動到材(cai)料(liao)上(shang),所以火(huo)花(hua)機也適合加(jia)工一些形(xing)狀復(fu)雜(za)的材(cai)料(liao),特別是利用數值控(kong)制技術,使復(fu)雜(za)形(xing)狀零件與簡單(dan)的電極(ji)加(jia)工成為(wei)現實。